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Attn: Patricia Zline&#13;
4501 Forbes Blvd., Suite 200&#13;
Lanham, MD 20706&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Sikarskie, Amanda Grace.Rowman &amp; Textile Collections: Preservation, Access, Curation, and Interpretation in the Digital Age. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=IXRDD2npRboC&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</text>
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                <text>Scholarly communications librarian Denise Troll Covey elaborates the difficulties and challenges of digitizing and providing access to books. Reporting on three separate studies sponsored wholly or in part by the Carnegie Mellon University Libraries, Covey cites the labor and time intensive work behind securing publisher and author permissions for not merely digitizing, but also providing access to previously printed works. Despite the open access initiatives by scholars and international consortium, such as the Budapest Open Access Initiative in 2002,she reports fewer than half of the targeted collections become available to the public. While continuing to encourage and promote efforts to secure copyright permissions for digitizing and publishing books, Covey acknowledges current U.S. copyright laws must be changed and advocates lobbying legislative officials to develop both laws and technologies that do not impinge upon the public's right to know. Notwithstanding recent measures to curtail "copyright misuse" (overly restrictive practices by copyright holders), Covey notes that legal protection for creative expression and doctrines such as Fair Use and library copying privileges have weakened in response to aggressive publisher and author tactics to secure and restrict access to digitized books. &#13;
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                <text>Cunningham avers that digital archiving, digital curation, digital libraries, and digital museums are distinctly different functions despite the common conflation of the terms by the public. In this article, he argues that digital archiving should begin with a systematic method for capturing and preserving data before the receiving institution ingests the items. By taking a preventative approach to data loss, the digital archivist must work closely with government and business institutions as part of an information management workflow. Cunningham credits the National Australian Archives for having the foresight and initiative to propose recordkeeping standards and protocols for digital archiving, and most significantly, for asserting that digital archives should not focus their expertise on the digital object or end product. Rather, digital archivists should focus on preserving the historical context and manner in which the content was presented. By advocating the use of open source software and other standards ensuring cross-platform flexibility, the Australian archivists aligned the ideals of preservation with the performative function and accessibility of the content. Preserving the long-term accessibility and context of the items ensured greater accuracy and evidentiary value than strictly focusing on the preservation and migration of digital objects.</text>
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                <text>Cunningham, Adrian. "Digital Curation/Digital Archiving: A View from the National Archives of Australia." &lt;em&gt;The American Archivist &lt;/em&gt;71 (Fall/Summer 2008): 530-543.http://archivists.metapress.com/content/P0H0T68547385507</text>
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                <text>This article asserts digital archivists must become involved in the creation and management of digital data as part of the preservation workflow. It is an important reminder, that not only did the National Australian Archives present international metadata standards and protocols for preserving the presentation and context of historic items, they established a just cause for focusing on and overseeing the entire life cycle of digital content. Additionally, the article defines the skills and education needed for expanding the archivist’s responsibilities from print management to digital workflows.</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>This article discusses the importance of differentiating between the terms digital archiving and digital curation and explains how the obfuscation of these phrases can limit the necessary resources that must be given to digital archiving practices. Cunningham expresses a frustration with the way that many use digital archiving and curation interchangeably. According to Cunningham, digital curation is a term that is used to connect different professions relating to the collection or preservation of digital information. These can include data management, digital librarianship, and digital archiving. However, the constant use of this umbrella term undermines the important differences between the fields of work. Digital libraries and museums focus on the acquiring and displaying of digital texts. Whereas, digital archives prioritize the collection of information, providing the context of this information, and documenting the relationships between the material in the collection. Because of these priorities, digital archivists must intervene in the “creation and management” of digital files, rather than just accumulating existing information. Cunningham uses the National Archives of Australia (NAA) to demonstrate the level of intervention that is necessary. The NAA utilized assistance from the Australian government to establish standards for digital archives and provided long-term training for existing archivists in using emerging computer technologies. These all functioned to create a more efficient and effective archiving system.</text>
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                <text>Cunningham, Adrian. "Digital Curation/Digital Archiving: A View from the National Archives of Australia." The American Archivist 71, no. 2 (2008): 530-43. www.jstor.org/stable/40294529.</text>
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