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                <text>Dougherty, Meghan and Charles van den Heuvel. "Historical Infrastructures for Web Archiving: Annotation of Ephemeral Collections for Researchers of Cultural Heritage Institutions." Research paper presented at the MIT6 Conference, Boston, MA, May 2009.</text>
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                <text>Duncan, Charles and Cuna Ekmekcioglu. "Digital Libraries and Repositories." In &lt;em&gt;Reusing Online Resources: A Sustainable Approach to eLearning&lt;/em&gt;, ed. Allison Littlejohn, 1-11. London: Kogan Page, 2003.</text>
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                <text>“Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries” is one out of many in a elongated series. This exact version is titled as the Third European Conference Proceedings, published in 1999. The purpose of this text is to enhance the skills of the readers by breaking down the individual means of archinging separated by every chapter. The text first breaks down the “text-book” approaches of digitizing and categorizing images for digital downloading and archiving. The text then goes into the various methods of doing this, but in what they believe to be in more efficient manners. There are many tools and methods explained in the text for “first time users” of archiving and digitization. This is an essential addition to the archiving website because it has various instructions that can be help to a first time user to these new programs for archiving. In addition, it offers a lot of design guidelines and assistance in regard to aesthetics to make it easier for the reader to present their information for a wider audience. This is an extremely relevant addition because many instructions for archiving assume that every reader knows the basics. This text offers information in a  way that a beginner or an expert can gain valuable knowledge from. </text>
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                  <text>This collection represents the delicate balance digital archivists seek when designing an archive that preserves and provides access, while also ensuring all parties' right to privacy and intellectual property. Also known as risk management, archives must anticipate potential infringements of intellectual property and privacy rights, and guard the public's right to free and open access. Items in the collection address risk management issues and underscore the necessity for keeping current in legal and ethical archival practices.</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Digital technologies dominate society today in ways likely not imagined when the first computers emerged in the 1950s. Phones and computers are an integral part of life, and with these technologies we as individuals are always creating new data&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;This generation of new data from user-generated content to content created by artificial intelligence thus creates challenges when it comes to intellectual property rights. Addressing different properties including copyright, patents, and trade secrets, this book covers the different legal dilemmas that come from the converging of intellectual property and digital technologies while also identifying future problems and suggesting how these issues could be dealt with in the future.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Digital Technologies. United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.</text>
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                  <text>Preservation in the archive involves the process of historical representation and connotes security, safety, and assurance that the collections will remain intact and uncorrupted for future generations to enjoy. Digital collections pose unique preservation challenges and require an assessment of risks, both material and intellectual, as part of the planning and  management policies. These entries illuminate standard archival preservation practices and present future trends.</text>
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                <text>Elings and Günter discuss the different standards used for coding metadata among different types of institutions. They explain different systems that can be used, including the data structure systems CDWA, MARC and EAD; data content systems CCO, AACR2, and DACS; data formatting systems such as XML; and data exchange systems such as OIA. The authors explain the basics of these systems, comparing them to bottles, bottle contents, boxes of bottles, and delivery of boxes. They then give an overview of why different institutions tend to use different formats for their metadata needs, explaining that the institutions adopted these systems in response to specific needs they had based on the types of artifacts they were describing. The authors conclude by suggesting a new way of looking at different ways of using metadata not according to institution, but rather according to types of materials. Instead of categorizing the systems by library, archive, and museum, they instead categorize them by “material culture,” bibliographic, and archival materials. This promotes a more unified and translatable approach while making it clear what the purposes are behind using the different systems. </text>
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                <text>Integrating digital content from libraries, archives and museums represents a persistent challenge. While the history of standards development is rife with examples of cross-community experimentation, in the end, libraries, archives and museums have developed parallel descriptive strategies for cataloguing the materials in their custody. Applying in particular data content standards by material type, and not by community affiliation, could lead to greater data interoperability within the cultural heritage community.&#13;
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A grid of standards&#13;
How did we get here?&#13;
The library community&#13;
The archives community&#13;
The museum community&#13;
More recent trends&#13;
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                <text>© First Monday, 1995-2015.</text>
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                <text>Elings, Mary W., and Günter Waibel. “Metadata for All: Descriptive Standards and Metadata Sharing Across Libraries, Archives, and Museums.” First Monday 12.3 (2007): n.p. Accessed February 6, 2012. &lt;a href="http://firstmonday.org/article/view/1628/1543."&gt;http://firstmonday.org/article/view/1628/1543.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is a useful guide for introducing the basics of metadata systems. Archivists may use this when trying to understand how and why different systems are used to create metadata for different types of artifacts.  </text>
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