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                  <text>In 2003, the Library of Congress and the national libraries of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, England and other countries formed the International Internet Preservation Consortium, and have spearheaded an international effort to preserve Internet content for future generations.&#13;
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                <text>Gaur, Ramesh C., and Tripathi, Manorama. 2012. "Digital Preservation of Electronic Resources." DESIDOC Journal of Library &amp; Information Technology 32, no. 4 (July 2012).</text>
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                  <text>This collection represents the delicate balance digital archivists seek when designing an archive that preserves and provides access, while also ensuring all parties' right to privacy and intellectual property. Also known as risk management, archives must anticipate potential infringements of intellectual property and privacy rights, and guard the public's right to free and open access. Items in the collection address risk management issues and underscore the necessity for keeping current in legal and ethical archival practices.</text>
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                <text>This paper describes the expansion of web archiving in Singapore and its affiliation with international copyright law. The authors outline the concept of legal deposit in a modern and historical context. In addition, the authors contrast voluntary and compulsory legal deposit, and the ways the National Library of Singapore apply those important concepts. Two main projects are detailed: Web Archive Singapore and the Singapore Memory Project. The paper conducts an analysis of the implementation of legal deposit for the preservation of materials located on the World Wide Web. The electronic material invokes a complicated relationship between copyright and the need to preserve digital information, and describes obstacles which litter the information lifecycle of web archiving. In the latter portion of the paper, a set of conclusions and recommendations regarding the need for reviewing copyright law to promote academic research within Singapore.</text>
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                <text>Cadavid, Pabón and Antonio, Jhonny.  "Copyright Challenges of Legal Deposit and Web Archiving in the National Library of Singapore." Alexandria 25, no. 1/2 (August 2014).&#13;
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                <text> “Vatican Library Digital Archiving Project,” YouTube video, 8:57, posted by “NTTDATAGlobal,” November 19, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSYJj4G2fMs.</text>
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                <text>This paper presents a method for creating virtual exhibitions using source materials from the National Archives of Singapore. The organizational structure includes an introduction to virtual exhibits, the architecture and design of both the virtual exhibit system and the digital archive, and concluding with a discussion of the assembled product. This innovate approach allows a flexible user interface along with the reference and reuse gathering model for efficient retrieve of artifacts. The flexibility allows the presentation of the exactly same information in a variety of formats. This approach caters to the general public and advanced researchers alike. The customized appearance is controlled via Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) which controls how the final product is rendered in HTML to the user. </text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>This paper examines the key functionality for users of a web archive. The author argues the following components must be addressed: basic searching, browsing, advanced personalization, customized services, and data mining. A selection of ten English language web archives were examined with a checklist of the outlined criteria. In addition to the criteria, information from usability studies from the International Internet Preservation Consortium was included. The author began the study by reading each archive’s about me/f.a.q. pages to expedite the evaluation process. Additional functionality was identified as beneficial that was not included on the checklist: duplication management, Indicating non-archived content by search engines. At the conclusion of the study, the author found basic functionality was included in all the archives however advanced features were lacking. The author summarizes each archive has different priorities and resources challenges.</text>
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                <text>Niu, Jinfang. "Functionalities of Web Archives." D-Lib Magazine 18, no. 3/4 (March/April 2012)&#13;
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                  <text>Digital archiving is gaining increased attention by both the general public and the scholarly community. The proliferation of digital content through networked channels raises cultural awareness of the ephemeral as well as ubiquitous nature of digitization. This collection highlights critical arguments regarding the digital humanities and digital archiving. The featured studies provide a broad cultural context and essential questions for archive creation and scholarly digital humanities research.</text>
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                <text>In his essay, Lev Manovich argues for the database as the key form of expression in digital culture, stating that the new cultural algorithm is a progression of information from reality, to media, to data, to the database. Manovich connects database philosophy to linguist Ferdinand de Saussure’s semiotic philosophy, stating that the database reverses the relationship of systemic elements as syntagmatic (in praesentia) or paradigmatic (in absentia); new media turns narrative—once seen as explicit—into a mere series of links, while the database stores the elements themselves. According to Manovich, this leads to both a desire for new and experimental forms of narrative, and a valuation of computer logic by artists and within the culture at large.</text>
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                <text>Manovich, Lev. “Database as Symbolic Form.” In Database Aesthetics: Art in the Age of Information Overflow, edited by Victoria Vesna, 39-60. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.</text>
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                <text>Sara Raffel</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>In his foundational new media text, Nelson describes literature itself as a series of interconnecting documents, and suggests that society needs a universal system for storing and preserving texts. Though he writes in the early 1980s, Nelson's proposal pinpoints many of the facets that today are defining features of the digital archive: the user's ability to search for and recall the correct text; evolving storage structures; and linked elements such as placemarkers, footnotes, and hypertextual jumps. Nelson's system, like a digital archive, would be open to the public, but the option would also exist for personal, private archiving.</text>
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                <text>Nelson, Theodor H. "Proposal for a Universal Electronic Publishing System and Archive." </text>
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                  <text>Digital archiving is gaining increased attention by both the general public and the scholarly community. The proliferation of digital content through networked channels raises cultural awareness of the ephemeral as well as ubiquitous nature of digitization. This collection highlights critical arguments regarding the digital humanities and digital archiving. The featured studies provide a broad cultural context and essential questions for archive creation and scholarly digital humanities research.</text>
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                <text>In “Toiling in the Archives of Cyberspace,” Renée Sentilles argues, “Our relationship with sources changes as they become more accessible, more abundant, and less tangible" (136). Sentilles discusses the usability of digital archives, particularly the Internet, using her experience studying the life of Adah Isaacs Menken to point out the differences digital archives bring to history scholarship. First, she states the Internet creates an excess of information and sources, when historians are used to working with a scarcity of sources. Second, she discusses how the community on the Internet can replace the solitude of historical writing. Ultimately, Sentilles concludes that, while one can conduct parts of research on the Internet, the digital medium cannot replace the experience of being in the physical location with archive personnel.  </text>
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Burton, Antoinette</text>
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                <text>Sentilles, Renée M. “Toiling in the Archives of Cyberspace.” In &lt;em&gt;Archive Stories: Facts, Fictions, and the Writing of History&lt;/em&gt;, edited by Antoinette Burton, 136-56. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.</text>
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                <text>Sara Raffel</text>
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