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                  <text>In 2003, the Library of Congress and the national libraries of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, England and other countries formed the International Internet Preservation Consortium, and have spearheaded an international effort to preserve Internet content for future generations.&#13;
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This collection aims to highlight materials that pertain to the process of  preserving elements of the World Wide Web using of web crawlers for automated capture of content.</text>
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                <text>Beyond the Encyclopedia: Collective Memories in&#13;
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                <text>Michela Ferron and Paolo Massa employ a quantitative study of Wikipedia as a digital archive in order to show how one can view memory as an active process. The authors begin with a discussion of Web 2.0 as public, private, and modifiable, but unable to be completely erased. They further assert that backups of the Internet, particularly in the case of Wikipedia, allowed them to conduct longitudinal studies about data. Ferron and Massa used an XML file to show the revision history of all pages of the English Wikipedia on September 16, 2010, arguing that a revision spike occurs near the anniversary of a traumatic event. They found that pages relating the September 11, 2001 attacks received an average of 10, 701 edits per day during the anniversary, and only 4,619 edits per day otherwise. Ferron and Massa compared this data to Wikipedia pages for non-traumatic events, like Woodstock and Apollo 11, which did not receive as much attention. </text>
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                <text>Ferron, M., and P. Massa. "Beyond the Encyclopedia: Collective Memories in Wikipedia." &lt;em&gt;Memory Studies&lt;/em&gt; 7.1 (2013): 22-45. Web.</text>
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                  <text>Individual, family, and community histories are increasingly being documented and preserved on the Internet through a wide array of social media, software products, and services. Stories, images, and video are being uploaded, organized, and accessed on the Web.  &#13;
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This collection aims to highlight methods and materials having to do with personal archiving, and its relationship to the field of digital archiving.</text>
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                <text>"Gone In a Flash?" is the recording of a digital archiving workshop conducted at Columbia University in 2012. The workshop illuminates organization and preservation practices important for individuals, especially academics, who want to make sure their work, whether textual or multimedia, is accessible in the future. The presenters emphasize the importance of writing an explicit archival policy for oneself that includes a list of items that need to be saved, as well as when, where, and how to save them. Individual items should be documented as in a professional archive so that if items are found much later, the viewer can tell where they came from, how they were created, and any software that one may need to access them. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Personal archives, like any professional archive, must be managed and maintained. One must cull them for unnecessary information, and establish a backup calendar so that three copies of the work are kept at all times and in different places. The workshop also delves into university resources, such as academic creative commons, that can help scholars by backing up the information on a fixed schedule and completing the metadata.</text>
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                <text>Columbia University. “Gone in a Flash? Personal Digital Archiving Workshop.” On YouTube. October 2, 2012.</text>
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                  <text>Planning, Building, and Curation</text>
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                  <text>Archives may represent any number or size collection and institution. These different types of archives may include governmental, non-selective collecting, thematic or activist, with corresponding missions and purposes unique to each institution. The items of this collection engage the processes of archive planning, building, and curation, and also represent notable digital archives whose collections reflect their respective institution's history and community.</text>
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                <text>The goal of the Vatican Library Digital Archive Project is to preserve over 80,000 manuscripts and 41 million pages. However, the project also seeks to make these manuscripts accessible to the general public as part of a digital library. The Vatican Library dates back to Pope Nicholas’ founding around 1450, and, according to the video, the age and fragility of the manuscripts once made the preservation and dissemination goals at odds with each other, because if the ancient manuscripts were handled too much, they would disintegrate. However, digital imaging technology has allowed for the digital rendering and cataloging of the manuscripts, causing a merging of the preservation and access goals. Suddenly, if a manuscript is digitally preserved, it can also be digitally accessed. </text>
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                <text>NTT DATA. “Vatican Library Digital Archiving Project.” On YouTube.  November 19. 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSYJj4G2fMs.</text>
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                <text>Digital Preservation for the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities – Benefits for Everyone</text>
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                <text>Laura Molloy’s blog post reports on her presentation at the Digital Preservation for the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities Conference in June 2015 in Dublin, Ireland. Molloy discusses how humanities scholars archive their data, and are often comfortable with archival practices. However, Molloy “[investigates] the value of digital curation to professional communities beyond the academic research sector.” She states that some communities, such as performing arts professionals, find it economically valuable to preserve and curate digital collections, but have not had the training and support to undertake the projects. Molloy proposes a Curation Lifecycle Model that “specifically advocates for the transformation of existing material and knowledge into new work.”</text>
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                <text>Molloy, Laura. “Digital Preservation for the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities – Benefits for Everyone.” In &lt;em&gt;Digital Curation Centre Blog&lt;/em&gt;. August 4, 2015. http://www.dcc.ac.uk/blog/digital-preservation-arts-social-sciences-and-humanities-benefits-everyone#sthash.RTluYpdC.dpuf.</text>
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                <text>Sara Raffel</text>
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                  <text>Digital archiving is gaining increased attention by both the general public and the scholarly community. The proliferation of digital content through networked channels raises cultural awareness of the ephemeral as well as ubiquitous nature of digitization. This collection highlights critical arguments regarding the digital humanities and digital archiving. The featured studies provide a broad cultural context and essential questions for archive creation and scholarly digital humanities research.</text>
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                <text>In “Toiling in the Archives of Cyberspace,” Renée Sentilles argues, “Our relationship with sources changes as they become more accessible, more abundant, and less tangible" (136). Sentilles discusses the usability of digital archives, particularly the Internet, using her experience studying the life of Adah Isaacs Menken to point out the differences digital archives bring to history scholarship. First, she states the Internet creates an excess of information and sources, when historians are used to working with a scarcity of sources. Second, she discusses how the community on the Internet can replace the solitude of historical writing. Ultimately, Sentilles concludes that, while one can conduct parts of research on the Internet, the digital medium cannot replace the experience of being in the physical location with archive personnel.  </text>
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                <text>Sentilles, Renée M. “Toiling in the Archives of Cyberspace.” In &lt;em&gt;Archive Stories: Facts, Fictions, and the Writing of History&lt;/em&gt;, edited by Antoinette Burton, 136-56. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>In his foundational new media text, Nelson describes literature itself as a series of interconnecting documents, and suggests that society needs a universal system for storing and preserving texts. Though he writes in the early 1980s, Nelson's proposal pinpoints many of the facets that today are defining features of the digital archive: the user's ability to search for and recall the correct text; evolving storage structures; and linked elements such as placemarkers, footnotes, and hypertextual jumps. Nelson's system, like a digital archive, would be open to the public, but the option would also exist for personal, private archiving.</text>
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                <text>Nelson, Theodor H. "Proposal for a Universal Electronic Publishing System and Archive." </text>
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                  <text>Digital archiving is gaining increased attention by both the general public and the scholarly community. The proliferation of digital content through networked channels raises cultural awareness of the ephemeral as well as ubiquitous nature of digitization. This collection highlights critical arguments regarding the digital humanities and digital archiving. The featured studies provide a broad cultural context and essential questions for archive creation and scholarly digital humanities research.</text>
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                <text>In his essay, Lev Manovich argues for the database as the key form of expression in digital culture, stating that the new cultural algorithm is a progression of information from reality, to media, to data, to the database. Manovich connects database philosophy to linguist Ferdinand de Saussure’s semiotic philosophy, stating that the database reverses the relationship of systemic elements as syntagmatic (in praesentia) or paradigmatic (in absentia); new media turns narrative—once seen as explicit—into a mere series of links, while the database stores the elements themselves. According to Manovich, this leads to both a desire for new and experimental forms of narrative, and a valuation of computer logic by artists and within the culture at large.</text>
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                <text>Manovich, Lev. “Database as Symbolic Form.” In Database Aesthetics: Art in the Age of Information Overflow, edited by Victoria Vesna, 39-60. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>This paper examines the key functionality for users of a web archive. The author argues the following components must be addressed: basic searching, browsing, advanced personalization, customized services, and data mining. A selection of ten English language web archives were examined with a checklist of the outlined criteria. In addition to the criteria, information from usability studies from the International Internet Preservation Consortium was included. The author began the study by reading each archive’s about me/f.a.q. pages to expedite the evaluation process. Additional functionality was identified as beneficial that was not included on the checklist: duplication management, Indicating non-archived content by search engines. At the conclusion of the study, the author found basic functionality was included in all the archives however advanced features were lacking. The author summarizes each archive has different priorities and resources challenges.</text>
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                  <text>Archives may represent any number or size collection and institution. These different types of archives may include governmental, non-selective collecting, thematic or activist, with corresponding missions and purposes unique to each institution. The items of this collection engage the processes of archive planning, building, and curation, and also represent notable digital archives whose collections reflect their respective institution's history and community.</text>
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                <text>This paper presents a method for creating virtual exhibitions using source materials from the National Archives of Singapore. The organizational structure includes an introduction to virtual exhibits, the architecture and design of both the virtual exhibit system and the digital archive, and concluding with a discussion of the assembled product. This innovate approach allows a flexible user interface along with the reference and reuse gathering model for efficient retrieve of artifacts. The flexibility allows the presentation of the exactly same information in a variety of formats. This approach caters to the general public and advanced researchers alike. The customized appearance is controlled via Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) which controls how the final product is rendered in HTML to the user. </text>
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