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                  <text>What is an Archive?</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>Functionalities of Web Archives</text>
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                <text>This paper examines the key functionality for users of a web archive. The author argues the following components must be addressed: basic searching, browsing, advanced personalization, customized services, and data mining. A selection of ten English language web archives were examined with a checklist of the outlined criteria. In addition to the criteria, information from usability studies from the International Internet Preservation Consortium was included. The author began the study by reading each archive’s about me/f.a.q. pages to expedite the evaluation process. Additional functionality was identified as beneficial that was not included on the checklist: duplication management, Indicating non-archived content by search engines. At the conclusion of the study, the author found basic functionality was included in all the archives however advanced features were lacking. The author summarizes each archive has different priorities and resources challenges.</text>
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                <text>Niu, Jinfang</text>
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                <text>Raible, John</text>
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                <text>Web Archives</text>
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                <text>Niu, Jinfang. "Functionalities of Web Archives." D-Lib Magazine 18, no. 3/4 (March/April 2012)&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>Preservation in the archive involves the process of historical representation and connotes security, safety, and assurance that the collections will remain intact and uncorrupted for future generations to enjoy. Digital collections pose unique preservation challenges and require an assessment of risks, both material and intellectual, as part of the planning and  management policies. These entries illuminate standard archival preservation practices and present future trends.</text>
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                <text>The Digital Public Library of America</text>
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                <text>On his radio show, Kojo Knamdi interviews three people involved in the Digital Public Library of America, a project that focuses on digitizing information from libraries, museums, and archives from around the nation and making them available online. They discuss the mission of the Library as well as the technical aspects of getting institutions to work together, working with copyright law, and the actual digitizing of the millions of artifacts involved. Issues discussed include deciding what to include in digitization efforts, whether to digitize full artifacts or just metadata for reference, how to enrich digitized artifacts with additional data, and how to balance the needs of copyright holders with the mission to make the Library freely available to the public. They also discuss the inspiration of the Google Books project and issues such as access by people with disabilities, public expectations for availability of digital content, quality control, and forward migration of digital information for safekeeping. </text>
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                <text>It's something of a dream for many: to digitize and make accessible the vast number of books, documents, artifacts, photos, videos, and other materials housed at thousands of different institutions across the country. The Digital Public Library of America is working on making it a reality. We explore a collaboration between libraries, museums, and archives - including the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian - that aims to put it all online.</text>
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                <text>Nnamdi, Kojo </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>American University Radio</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>Polk, Victoria</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Kojo Nnamdi Show&lt;/em&gt;. Sound recording. Washington, D.C.: American University Radio. &lt;a title="http://thekojonnamdishow.org/" href="http://thekojonnamdishow.org/"&gt;http://thekojonnamdishow.org/&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>http://thekojonnamdishow.org/audio-player?nid=20488</text>
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            <name>Bibliographic Citation</name>
            <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
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                <text>“The Digital Public Library of America.” &lt;em&gt;The Kojo Nnamdi Show&lt;/em&gt;. Sound recording. Washington, D.C.: American University Radio, 2011. Windows Media Player. Accessed February 3, 2012. &lt;a title="http://thekojonnamdishow.org/audio-player?nid=20488." href="http://thekojonnamdishow.org/audio-player?nid=20488."&gt;http://thekojonnamdishow.org/audio-player?nid=20488.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Digital Public Library of America project is a massive undertaking that illustrates the growing expectations of having information available online and the importance Western society is placing on increasing digitization for both access and safekeeping. This project shows that digital archives and repositories are not an afterthought, but rather are moving to the forefront and becoming just as vital as physical collections. </text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Planning, Building, and Curation</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives may represent any number or size collection and institution. These different types of archives may include governmental, non-selective collecting, thematic or activist, with corresponding missions and purposes unique to each institution. The items of this collection engage the processes of archive planning, building, and curation, and also represent notable digital archives whose collections reflect their respective institution's history and community.</text>
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                <text>Vatican Library Digital Archiving Project</text>
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                <text>The goal of the Vatican Library Digital Archive Project is to preserve over 80,000 manuscripts and 41 million pages. However, the project also seeks to make these manuscripts accessible to the general public as part of a digital library. The Vatican Library dates back to Pope Nicholas’ founding around 1450, and, according to the video, the age and fragility of the manuscripts once made the preservation and dissemination goals at odds with each other, because if the ancient manuscripts were handled too much, they would disintegrate. However, digital imaging technology has allowed for the digital rendering and cataloging of the manuscripts, causing a merging of the preservation and access goals. Suddenly, if a manuscript is digitally preserved, it can also be digitally accessed. </text>
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                <text>NTT DATA. “Vatican Library Digital Archiving Project.” On YouTube.  November 19. 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSYJj4G2fMs.</text>
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                <text>Sara Raffel</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Planning, Building, and Curation</text>
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                  <text>Archives may represent any number or size collection and institution. These different types of archives may include governmental, non-selective collecting, thematic or activist, with corresponding missions and purposes unique to each institution. The items of this collection engage the processes of archive planning, building, and curation, and also represent notable digital archives whose collections reflect their respective institution's history and community.</text>
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                <text>Vatican Library Digital Archiving Project</text>
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                <text>This video is an overview of the Vatican’s efforts to preserve and provide access to its extensive historical library. The video explores the unique challenge of preservation historical texts; while allowing open access to materials.  The latter section of the video explores the logistical aspect of digitizing 80,000 manuscripts and 41 million pages of text. No long term large manuscript preservation projects of this nature exists. NTT Data developed the AMLAD software to digitize and organize content. Emphasis is placed on the browsing element of the project as the audience is the general public. </text>
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                <text>Orio, Nicola, Lauro Snidaro, Sergio Canazza and Gian Luca Foresti. "Methodologies and Tools for Audio Digital Archives." International Journal on Digital Libraries 10.4 (2009): 201-20. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.</text>
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                  <text>Digital archiving is gaining increased attention by both the general public and the scholarly community. The proliferation of digital content through networked channels raises cultural awareness of the ephemeral as well as ubiquitous nature of digitization. This collection highlights critical arguments regarding the digital humanities and digital archiving. The featured studies provide a broad cultural context and essential questions for archive creation and scholarly digital humanities research.</text>
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                <text>Archives, Libraries, Collections, and Databases: A First Look at Digital Literary Studies in Mexico</text>
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                <text>This article documents the professional and intellectual developments in the field of Digital Humanities and Digital Literary Studies in Mexico. It begins by surveying the evolution of scholarship production regarding digital archives, the media impact on the significance of archives, the accessibility of archives, and complexities in the preservation of archives. The article proceeds to explore the intersection of digital archives in Mexico with the origin and fortification of the Digital Humanities in the United States, highlighting the manner in which these junctions have promoted the establishment of appropriate methods and vocabularies to use in the examination of digitized and born-digital materials and productions. It concludes by examining various Mexican digital projects recently developed, proposing the uniqueness of Mexican literary scholarship on the digital humanities, emphasizing its decolonial perspectives, community building, and creative educational endeavors. Ortega denotes the exponential growth of Digital Humanities in Mexico, particularly under the disciplines of information sciences, communications, and philosophy. Digital literary projects and textual academia hold some major representation in Mexico as well, coming in numerous forms depending on objectives, the collections and subjects they deal with, and the institutional support that accompanies them. Among the projects that stand out the most in the Mexican practice of the digital humanities, Ortega underlines, one must recognize the archival developments of projects such as the libraries of the UNAM.</text>
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                <text>Taveras, Sabrina</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1553-0639</text>
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                <text>Élika Ortega. “Archives, Libraries, Collections, and Databases: A First Look at Digital Literary Studies in Mexico” 86, no. 2 (2018): 229–47. doi:10.1353/hir.2018.0016.</text>
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                  <text>Public interest in accessing and archiving digital audio and visual collections is finding support and expression in digital archives, digital libraries,digital museums and digital cultural heritage institutions. Large digital archives and institutions commonly provide instruction and community support for digitizing audio and visual content. In addition to these practical issues, this collection addresses the digital migration and representation of audiovisual and photographic artifacts.</text>
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                <text>Author and archivist, Trevor Owens, discusses a wide range of issues relating to digital archives and preservation. In this blog, he describes crowdsourcing and offers a rationale for soliciting "citizen archivists" to contribute content to large digital cultural heritage collections. He develops four concepts for assessing the types of crowdsourcing needed: human computation, wisdom of crowds, software tools for scaffolding amateur contributions, and tapping into the public's motivation for contributing to the archive. He expounds on each concept and provides key questions digital archivists may pose before potential crowdsourcers.  Several examples of successful crowdsourced digitial collections and links for further reading are included in the blog. &#13;
&#13;
Owens is also suspicious of corporate sponsored crowdsourcing projects, such as Google's "Image Labeler," or Amazon's "Mechanical Turk." The amount of labor invested in completing the digital tasks for these sites may be exploitative, yet Owens also acknowledges that these types of interaction provide models for implementing crowdsourcing for more humane projects. His list of four concepts accompanied by key questions establishes a criteria for successful crowdsourcing and prevents the project from devolving into a "digital sweatshop."</text>
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                <text>Polk, Victoria </text>
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                <text>Owens, Trevor. "The Crowd and the Library." &lt;em&gt;Trevor OwensL User-centered Digital History &lt;/em&gt;(blog), May 20, 2012. &lt;a href="http://www.trevorowens.org/2012/05/the-crowd-and-the-library/"&gt;http://http://www.trevorowens.org/2012/05/the-crowd-and-the-library/.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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