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                <text>Na Lin &amp; Patricia G. Hinegardner. "Discovering the Present, Preserving the Past: The Development of a Digital Archive at the University of Maryland." Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries, November 29 2012. 9:4, 247-260, doi: 10.1080/15424065.2013.734212</text>
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                <text>This journal article delineates the procedures undertaken and the standards implemented in the establishment of a time-withstanding digital audiovisual archive known as the IFI Irish Film Archive. After collecting the results of various research endeavors regarding archival strategies, the Irish Film Institute launched a six-year digital preservation and access strategy in 2014, which prioritized the design and installation of digital archive tools for extended preservation and workflow redesigning practices. It discusses the impact that these fresh strategies evidenced in the management of high-resolution digital film and related metadata. The article delves into the Irish Film Institute’s past and origins as well as that of the project itself, which partnered with technology professionals before the release of its new strategy to deliver an extensible, viable, and cost-efficient solution to the recurring challenge of digital preservation, especially the preservation of audiovisual media. It surveys the development of preservation budgets and constraints, implementing methods to eliminate all but the essential aspects of a system enabling the delivery of primary objectives, adjusting system designs and greatly reducing unnecessary costs. After detailing the decisions taken to facilitate high speed data transfer and the adoption and promotion of its digitization standards, the article concludes by listing its partners in the archive, film, and research communities and their considerable contributions to the resulting Irish Film Archive.</text>
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                <text>Anja Mahler, Simon Factor &amp; Raelene Casey. "Future Proof: The Transition to Digital at IFI Archive." New Review of Information Networking, December 17, 2015. 20:1-2, 149-154, DOI: 10.1080/13614576.2015.1112683.&#13;
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                  <text>Digital archiving is gaining increased attention by both the general public and the scholarly community. The proliferation of digital content through networked channels raises cultural awareness of the ephemeral as well as ubiquitous nature of digitization. This collection highlights critical arguments regarding the digital humanities and digital archiving. The featured studies provide a broad cultural context and essential questions for archive creation and scholarly digital humanities research.</text>
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                <text>Digital Archives: Management, Access and Use offers an overview of the constantly evolving technological changes and improvements in the world and how digital archiving is affected by this. This book provides insights from international experts who contribute information on the changes in archives and what these changes mean in the long run. These experts also weigh-in on building digital archives, offering solutions to obstacles in planning and curating an archive while discussing the tools needed to aid with changes in the digital humanities. The book is separated into two parts; the first part, titled “Drivers for Modern Digital Archives” covers the basics of digital archives, managing possible “turbulence” or overcoming computer-related obstacles, legal issues involving digital archives, and scientific information policies. The entire second part of the book, titled “Case Studies,” covers a case study between two oral histories. This book offers basic information about Digital Archiving, while delving deeper into the management of a digital archive.  This book also offers a section that covers recent developments in the archive world, and even offers a “How to Read this Book” section that breaks down abbreviations and provides suggestions on the order to read the book (in the order they appear). This book offers an in-depth look at managing digital archives and is good for archivists and researchers alike. </text>
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                <text>Dobreva, Milena. Digital Archives : Management, Access and Use. Facet Books for Archivists and Records Managers. London: Facet Publishing, 2018. </text>
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                  <text>In 2003, the Library of Congress and the national libraries of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, England and other countries formed the International Internet Preservation Consortium, and have spearheaded an international effort to preserve Internet content for future generations.&#13;
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                <text>From Digital Library to Open Datasets: Embracing a "Collections as Data" Framework</text>
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                <text>This article, written by four librarians from the University of Utah, introduces us to the idea of “collections as data” as a way to further improve and expand upon digital archiving methods used all over the world today. While librarians and archivists all over the world have digitized their collections and made them accessible online, collections as data is a movement specifically grounded in the digital libraries and digital humanities research area that aims to go beyond allowing access to archival items and include giving researchers access to the underlying data of these items. Myntti, Wittmann, Neatrour, and Cummings state that data such as text mining, topic modeling, sentiment analysis, data visualization and much more should be made easily available with their respective archive collections in order to go “beyond traditional use” of digitized collections. Allowing researchers to have access to the underlying data of collections is important, they state, because typically in digital humanities research, the data collected isn’t as digitally nuanced nor does it provide as much computational-related data as research in other departments like the sciences or social sciences. This is a sharp, intelligent article written by expert researchers explaining somewhat complicated concepts. Although the article is at times difficult, it’s content is important to the overall trajectory of Digital Humanities data and metadata. </text>
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                <text>Lafontaine, Marisa</text>
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                <text>Wittmann, Rachel, Anna Neatrour, Rebekah Cummings, and Jeremy Myntti. “From Digital Library to Open Datasets: Embracing a ‘Collections as Data’ Framework.” Information Technology &amp; Libraries 38, no. 4 (December 2019): 49–61. doi:10.6017/ITAL.V38I4.11101.</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>In her book Archives: Principles and Practices, author Laura Millar dives deep into the world of archiving, explaining archiving from the very beginning by breaking down the essentials of what an archive is and how archives are essential to preserving our history. Millar details how the process of creating an archive is simple: starting with a piece of knowledge, then detailing how a piece of knowledge becomes a record, which then ultimately becomes an archive. Millar’s research is not only limited to just digital archives, but all types of archives, as she argues that all archives serve a purpose to achieve a common goal.  This book breaks down all archival concepts from records, documentary evidence, content and context, explaining the difference between all of these, why it is important to know the difference between them, and how each of them are used. The use of textual examples, visual examples, and easy- to-read language helps the reader understand Archiving in simple terms while still offering useful and intelligent detail, breaking down complex concepts and making them seem easy.  In Archives: Principles and Practices, Millar presents archiving as an important part of our personal histories, essential in documenting our world’s history, and why everybody should be familiar with it.</text>
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                <text>Millar, Laura A. Archives: Principles and Practices. London: Facet Publishing, 2017.</text>
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                  <text>Individual, family, and community histories are increasingly being documented and preserved on the Internet through a wide array of social media, software products, and services. Stories, images, and video are being uploaded, organized, and accessed on the Web.  &#13;
&#13;
This collection aims to highlight methods and materials having to do with personal archiving, and its relationship to the field of digital archiving.</text>
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                <text>Every day, millions of people around the world use their phones and computers to record data; from photos, videos, and audio recordings, to simply typing information into the ‘notes’ section of a smart phone. However, due in part to the general populace making use of social media and generating a great deal of content because of it, it is nearly impossible to keep track of and save all this data. Saving Your Digital Past, Present, and Future is an informative guide that offers step-by-step guidance to save personal data and prevent the loss of sentimental and valuable digital information. This book introduces readers to the tools used to save digital information while also providing the pros and cons to each of them, gives an overview of the preservation and management of digital information, and provides visual and textural example to further improve our understanding of creating and preserving personal archives. This book is designed for the average person who frequently uses their phone or computer and It reads like so. It was published in March of 2020, which makes all of the information inside recent, which will help those who need it. Saving Your Digital Past, Present, and Future is an essential read for anybody who is interesting in saving the little moments that they capture and record. </text>
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                <text>Reyes, Vanessa</text>
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                <text>Reyes, Vanessa. Saving Your Digital Past, Present, and Future: A Step-by-Step Guide. Lanham: Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2020.&#13;
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                  <text>This collection represents the delicate balance digital archivists seek when designing an archive that preserves and provides access, while also ensuring all parties' right to privacy and intellectual property. Also known as risk management, archives must anticipate potential infringements of intellectual property and privacy rights, and guard the public's right to free and open access. Items in the collection address risk management issues and underscore the necessity for keeping current in legal and ethical archival practices.</text>
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                <text>This chapter examines the complications that are present when attempting to digitally archive spoken languages, focusing on how researchers and archivists must act to minimize or avoid property right violations. Widlok first explains why researchers find it necessary to digitize their archives, believing that non-digitized collections risk becoming “data cemeteries” that are more prone to data loss. By placing their research into these archives and with the efficient use of metadata, these collections become more effective in data preservation. However, the digitization of this data brings new concerns for archivists. These issues often center around matters of access to collections. Many archivists attempt to solve these problems by providing layered access to these collections, with different groups being allowed to view different levels of content. However, Widlok notes that this solution does not solve the problem when working with the property rights of the spoken languages of different communities. Some members involved, such as funding agencies and researchers, may attempt to have this information more freely available, while members of these communities may desire more restrictions. Widlok also notes that there may be different opinions among members of the same community. He instructs researchers to take these varying attitudes into account and work to avoid instigating conflicts between opposing parties.</text>
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                <text>Rahman, Sabiha</text>
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                <text>Widlok, Thomas. "The Archive Strikes Back: Effects of Online Digital Language Archiving on Research Relations and Property Rights." In Oral Literature in the Digital Age: Archiving Orality and Connecting with Communities, edited by Turin Mark, Wheeler Claire, and Wilkinson Eleanor, 3-20. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2013. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctt5vjtkq.6</text>
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                  <text>Items in this collection pertain to the ways one can use digital archives to teach digital humanities or related subjects. Specific pedagogies associated with the creation, management, preservation of archive content are also collected here.</text>
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                <text>This article gives a transparent view of how archives have been affected by white supremacy. Caswell provides simple ways for students and professionals to dismantle the signs of white supremacy in archives across the United States. Caswell’s greatest teaching is the ethics behind the critique of materials. Caswell creates a model of behaviors to help students resist the unconscious teachings of white supremacy by retraining the impressionable students in her class. Caswell explains that the election of President Trump, who has shown to be homophobic, sexist and racist, has created a divide in the classroom. The only way to prevent this is for teachers to intervene pedagogically. The students identify instances in which archives have white privilege embedded in them and how to collectively strategize steps to dismantle white supremacy in the student’s own personal archiving. Caswell proposes that students will exhibit behavior based on what is already innate in their minds, but Caswell’s model of behavior trains students to think differently. &#13;
Caswell’s article gives real life instruction on how politics both in the past and currently, effect digital or physical archiving. While most people don’t intentionally allow white privilege in archiving, Caswell’s article shows that it is an unconscious act that is done from years of example from the many role models of a person’s life. &#13;
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                <text>Abbygail Dees</text>
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                <text>Caswell, Michelle. "Teaching to Dismantle White Supremacy in Archives," The Library Quarterly 87, no. 3 (July 2017): 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1086/692299</text>
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                  <text>This collection represents the delicate balance digital archivists seek when designing an archive that preserves and provides access, while also ensuring all parties' right to privacy and intellectual property. Also known as risk management, archives must anticipate potential infringements of intellectual property and privacy rights, and guard the public's right to free and open access. Items in the collection address risk management issues and underscore the necessity for keeping current in legal and ethical archival practices.</text>
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                <text>Copyright Protection and Cumulative Creation: Evidence from Early Twentieth-Century Music</text>
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                <text>This article uses information from an online database of music sampling to estimate the effect of copyright protection on the cumulative use of music. Using unique panel data that link upstream and downstream music, the author uses regression analysis to examine the rates at which early 20th-century musical works were used throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. The results suggest that copyright protection causes an upstream work to be used less than half as often as it would be if it were in the public domain after conditioning on upstream-song and downstream-year fixed effects. Placebo regressions in which the copyright expiration date is artificially shifted forward and backward in time by 2, 5, and 10 years suggest an immediate effect of copyright expiration on downstream use.</text>
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                <text>Antonella Federici</text>
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                <text>Stephanie Holmes Didwania, "Copyright Protection and Cumulative Creation: Evidence from &#13;
Early Twentieth-Century Music," The Journal of Legal Studies 47, no. 2 (June 2018): 235-268. https://doi.org/10.1086/698923</text>
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                  <text>What is an Archive?</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>What Is A Data Archive And What Should The Information Specialist know about Managing Logically Maintained Numeric Data Files?</text>
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                <text>This journal provides information about what an archive is, in specific, numerical data. It explains why numeric data files are important, for things like statistic and the importance of having a data file where to reference things. Local databases should be acquired and maintained because some information is only available in computerized form and because information sometimes must be in digitized form to be retrieved or manipulated efficiently. Due to a lack of indexes, directories, or union lists of data files, particularly those that are not online, the process of identifying and locating data files is difficult. The Guide to Resources and Services, which gives descriptions of over 20,000 files, is one of the most useful directories. Format of the data file to be bought depends on the computer equipment at the local institution and the software available there. Decisions have to be made regarding the support level to be offered to users of the computerized information. Management of the data archives requires administrative skills as well as knowledge of data files and their applications. There is no standard budget for setting up and maintaining an archive of numeric data as the scope and structure of every organization varies.&#13;
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                <text>August 1988</text>
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                <text>Antonella Federici</text>
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                <text>Gerken, A. (1988). “What is A Data Archive and What Should the Information Spec.” Database, &#13;
11(4), 60. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/213823278?accountid=10003</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Anne Gerken</text>
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        <name>metadata</name>
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        <name>new media</name>
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