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                  <text>What is an Archive?</text>
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                  <text>Archives are collections of primary sources, cataloged and grouped for the purpose of preserving and making accessible the records of society’s cultural and historic heritage. Laura Millar, noted archivist and author of Archives principles and practices, defines the mission of archives “to acquire, preserve and make available the documentary memory of society…”(Millar 2010). These entries will focus on the explanation and description of an archive and why they are important to society. What does it mean to be an archive and what is the value of an archive?</text>
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                <text>Iconic Productions. What Is an Archive? YouTube.com. The National Archives UK, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URhWOKyve-I</text>
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                  <text>Archives may represent any number or size collection and institution. These different types of archives may include governmental, non-selective collecting, thematic or activist, with corresponding missions and purposes unique to each institution. The items of this collection engage the processes of archive planning, building, and curation, and also represent notable digital archives whose collections reflect their respective institution's history and community.</text>
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                <text>What is OCR? </text>
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                <text>While this video does advertise the use of Toshiba products, it does give a brief explanation of OCR and  what the process that it entails. It also highlights the benefits of using this process, in conjunction with the Toshiba software, including search ability.</text>
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                  <text>This collection represents the delicate balance digital archivists seek when designing an archive that preserves and provides access, while also ensuring all parties' right to privacy and intellectual property. Also known as risk management, archives must anticipate potential infringements of intellectual property and privacy rights, and guard the public's right to free and open access. Items in the collection address risk management issues and underscore the necessity for keeping current in legal and ethical archival practices.</text>
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                <text>This video mainly talks about the different types of patents used in the American legal system. It also talks about the Trademarks and Copyrights, and the varies reasons they exist. </text>
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                <text>In her presentation to the 2009 Media in Transition 6 Conference, Alison Byerly appeals to scholars of all disciplines to take an interest in web archiving and preserve the born digital byproducts of their daily online transactions. Byerly persuasively recounts reasons for valuing ephemera—accidental and unfiltered byproducts of daily life and work— and observes ephemera's unique status in the archive. She describes the accessioning and description of ephemera collections as a combination of professionalism and individual whimsy. These unofficial, curious remnants of the past provide rich historical context, even if they arrive without detailed documentation. In contrast to digital ephemera (such as popups and spam email) with their perceived lack of value and ease of disposal, print ephemera afford the fixity of time and distanced perspective that promote intellectual discovery. She avers that potential social and historical significance of electronic ephemera requires our recognition of its value and encourages individual as well as institutional acts of digital preservation. By enlisting all Internet users to preserve digital content they deem meaningful, Byerly believes the individual tastes and cultural oddities of this era may avoid becoming forgotten in the wake of impersonal, algorithmic-based search engines favoring a limited representation of digital content.</text>
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                  <text>In 2003, the Library of Congress and the national libraries of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, England and other countries formed the International Internet Preservation Consortium, and have spearheaded an international effort to preserve Internet content for future generations.&#13;
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                <text>Brügger, Niels. “When the Present Web Is Later the Past: Web Historiography, Digital History, and Internet Studies.” &lt;em&gt;Historical Social Research&lt;/em&gt; 37, no. 4 (2012): 102–17. Accessed April 22, 2016. &lt;a title="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41756477" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41756477" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.jstor.org/stable/41756477&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                  <text>This collection represents the delicate balance digital archivists seek when designing an archive that preserves and provides access, while also ensuring all parties' right to privacy and intellectual property. Also known as risk management, archives must anticipate potential infringements of intellectual property and privacy rights, and guard the public's right to free and open access. Items in the collection address risk management issues and underscore the necessity for keeping current in legal and ethical archival practices.</text>
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                <text>Parry, Odette, and Natasha S. Mauthner. "Whose Data Are They Anyway? Practical, Legal and Ethical Issues in Archiving Qualitative Research Data." Sociology 38, no. 1 (2004): 139-52. Accessed April 13, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/42856598.</text>
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                <text>This journal explains how social scientists are becoming encouraged to locate, access, and analyze data from data archives worldwide. It talks about how the vast majority of data archives which service the research community deal exclusively with the storage and provision of quantitative data. It explains how facilities exist for the deposit and reuse of qualitative data. In the journal, it brings up a point of how archiving is generally understood as relatively unproblematic by the quantitative research community. There is much concern stems from the assumption that qualitative data are similar to and may, therefore, be treated in the same way as quantitative data. A discussion is made about the arching of qualitative data raises a distinct set of issues surrounding confidentiality, respondent and researcher anonymity, and respondent consent. There is examination of the practical, legal and ethical issues which may affect the archiving of qualitative research data, which in doing so it reflects on the viability of using qualitative data for theoretical and substantive secondary analysis. There is an importance of drawing on the experience of other disciplines.&#13;
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                <text>"Whenever possible, the Library of Congress provides factual information about copyright owners and related matters in the catalog records, finding aids and other texts that accompany collections. As a publicly supported institution, the Library generally does not own rights in its collections. Therefore, it does not charge permission fees for use of such material and generally does not grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute material in its collections. Permission and possible fees may be required from the copyright owner independently of the Library. It is the researcher's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections. Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Researchers must make their own assessments of rights in light of their intended use."</text>
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&#13;
Moss cites historic cases in which archives were used to defend the public’s right to know in opposition to executive power. From England’s Civil War in the 1660s to illegal arms contracting between the Syrian government and BAE System (a London-based global company marketing defense, aerospace, and security service), Moss defends the archive’s objectivity and commitment to preserving the authenticity and integrity of its records. Without traditional archival values and methods, information exposing injustices would be lost. &#13;
&#13;
Moss is not recommending a return to manual forms of record keeping whereby several levels of staff would check and cross-reference each other’s work. He does propose, however, a coordinated effort among IT managers, record keepers, and archivists, to control the classification and dissemination of data through greater focus on content. Moreover, by encouraging archivists to embrace their “fiduciary responsibilities” (serving public institutions with practiced objectivity and authority), the public is protected from lax accounting or illegal actions perpetuated by unrestricted, open-access digital commerce.&#13;
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                <text>This essay explores the relationship between the curation of information in the digital environment by archivists and records managers and the technologies that support it. The author argues that this will require a sharing of responsibility within a framework of trust. He maintains that a consequence of the financial crisis, in which technology has played a large contributing part, is that there will be a greater emphasis on transparency of electronic processes and not just inputs and outputs. In these developments, he draws a distinction between records management operating within an institutional framework of risk, and the archive, particularly in the public sector, curating the records that will allow the executive to be brought to account. He concludes that such a restatement in a period of severe financial restraint will without doubt impact on the current ‘access’ agenda.</text>
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                <text>Moss, Michael. “Without the Data, the Tools are Useless; Without the Software, the Data is Unmanageable.” &lt;em&gt;Journal of the Society of Archivists&lt;/em&gt; 31 (April 2010): 1-14.</text>
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